Preliminary study of the interaction between kejawen esoteric and wild macaques in kalisalak forest, central java-indonesia
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Sep 30, 2023
Keywords:
Human-primate interface, Human-primate interaction, Javanese faith
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Biological Science and Engineering
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Abstract
Ethnobiology became a research trend of human-integrated biology-ethnicity to support their lives. Ethnobiology for ethnic and indigenous peoples continued to be passed down by belief in each generation—Indigenous peoples in Central Java-Indonesia, Kejawen esoteric, whose lives always coincide with ethnobiological science. A previous study reported the preliminary study of the interaction between Kejawen esoteric and wild macaques at Kalisalak Forest, Central Java-Indonesia, but it is unclear. This study is an extended version of the previous study that explains more about the human-primate interaction at Kalisalak Forest. The method used in-depth interviews with 83 householders that believed in Kejawen's esoteric faith. Ethnobiological studies discussed are in the form of ethnobotany and ethnozoology (ethnoprimatology). This study result shows that there is no visible relationship between Kejawen esotericism and the presence of wild macaques in the Kalisalak forest, as well as indigenous Kejawen esoteric really cares about the wild macaque’s population in other ways—the interaction related to supporting the biodiversity and SDGs 2030's goals.
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Al-Hakim, R., Hidayah, H., Putri, E. R. C., & Karsam, K. (2023). Preliminary study of the interaction between kejawen esoteric and wild macaques in kalisalak forest, central java-indonesia. Jurnal Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam LLDikti Wilayah 1 (JUMPA), 4(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.54076/jumpa.v3i2.281
References
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Al Hakim, R. R., Nasution, E. K., Rizaldi, R., Rukayah, S., & Riani, S. (2023). Daily behavior of alpha-male compared with subordinate male in long-tailed macaque. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2588(1), 030017. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0111703
Altmann, J. (1974). Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods. Behaviour, 49(3–4), 227–266. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853974X00534
Apriliani, A., Sukarsa, S., & Hidayah, H. A. (2014). Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Sebagai Bahan Tambahan Pangan Secara Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Di Kecamatan Pekuncen Kabupaten Banyumas. Scripta Biologica, 1(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.sb.2014.1.1.30
Brotcorne, F., Fuentes, A., Wandia, I. N., Beudels-Jamar, R. C., & Huynen, M. C. (2015). Changes in Activity Patterns and Intergroup Relationships After a Significant Mortality Event in Commensal Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca Fascicularis) in Bali, Indonesia. International Journal of Primatology, 36(3), 548–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-015-9841-5
de la Torre, S., & Morelos-Juárez, C. (2022). Primate Conservation Efforts and Sustainable Development Goals in Ecuador, Combining Research, Education and Capacity Building. Animals, 12(20), 2750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI12202750
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Fuentes, A. (2012). Ethnoprimatology and the anthropology of the human–primate interface. Annual Review of Anthropology, 41(1), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145808
Fuentes, A., & Hockings, K. J. (2010). The ethnoprimatological approach in primatology. American Journal of Primatology, 72(10), 841–847. https://doi.org/10.1002/AJP.20844
Hasanah, U., Hadi, E. P., & Hidayah, A. (2014). Keanekaragaman dan pemanfaatan ubi-ubian sebagai bahan alternatif tanaman pangan di Kecamatan Bantarkawung Kabupaten Brebes. Biosfera, 31(2), 61–70.
Hidayah, H. A., Alifvira, M. D., Sukarsa, S., & Al Hakim, R. R. (2022). Studi Etnobotani sebagai Obat Tradisional Masyarakat di Desa Adat Kalisalak, Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Life Science, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15294/lifesci.v11i1.59787
Ilham, K., Rizaldi, Nurdin, J., & Tsuji, Y. (2017). Status of urban populations of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Primates, 58(2), 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-016-0588-1
Ilham, K., Rizaldi, Nurdin, J., & Tsuji, Y. (2018). Effect of Provisioning on the Temporal Variation in the Activity Budget of Urban Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Folia Primatologica, 89(5), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1159/000491790
Julianti, S., Widayati, K. A., & Tsuji, Y. (2023). Regional variation in the behavioral aspects of long-tailed macaques and its ecological determinants. Folia Primatologica, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-BJA10007
Koh, W., & Norma Rashid, Y. (2020). Ethnoprimatology: Human-Macaque interface in the University of Malaya Campus. Malaysian Journal of Science, 39(3), 17–44. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.2
Markert, B. (1995). Sample preparation (cleaning, drying, homogenization) for trace element analysis in plant matrices. Science of The Total Environment, 176(1–3), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04829-4
McLennan, M. R., Spagnoletti, N., & Hockings, K. J. (2017). The Implications of Primate Behavioral Flexibility for Sustainable Human–Primate Coexistence in Anthropogenic Habitats. In International Journal of Primatology (Vol. 38, Issue 2, pp. 105–121). Springer New York LLC. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-017-9962-0
Nasution, E. K., Al Hakim, R. R., & Aoliya, N. (2022). Short Communication: Previously Unreported Human?Primate Conflict in Kalisalak Forest, Central Java-Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, 1(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrimipa.v1i1.156
Ogunro, B., Olugasa, B., Olaleru, F., & Oladiti, F. (2017). Human – monkey interaction on a University campus in Nigeria: An avenue for zoonotic disease transmission at the human wildlife interface? Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 15(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v15i2.8
Pandey, A., Pradheep, K., & Gupta, R. (2016). Methodology for Collecting and Preparing Herbarium Specimen of Allium . Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 29(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2016.00006.1
Permana, S., Partasasmita, R., Iskandar, J., Rohmatullayaly, E. N., Iskandar, B. S., & Malone, N. (2020). Traditional conservation and human-primate conflict in Ujungjaya Village Community, Ujung Kulon, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(2), 521–529. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210213
Peterson, J. V., Riley, E. P., & Putu Oka, N. (2015). Macaques and the Ritual Production of Sacredness among Balinese Transmigrants in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. American Anthropologist, 117(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.12166
Pinto-Marroquin, M., & Serio-Silva, J. C. (2020). Perception and uses of primates among Popoluca Indigenous people in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Neotropical Ethnoprimatology: Indigenous Peoples’ Perceptions of and Interactions with Nonhuman Primates, 3–20.
Radhakrishna, S. (2018). Primate tales: using literature to understand changes in human–primate relations. International Journal of Primatology, 39(5), 878–894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0035-9
Ricklefs, M. C. (1991). An unhelpful contribution to the study of Javanese Islam. Asian Studies Review , 14(3), 184–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/03147539108712734
Ritchie, H., Mathieu, E., Rodés-Guirao, L., Appel, C., Giattino, C., Ortiz-Ospina, E., Hasell, J., Bobbie, M., Beltekian, D., & Roser, M. (2020). Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). Our World in Data.
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Sari, D. P., Susanto, D., & Marimin, M. (2020). The Form of Kejawen Islam in Nyanggar Janur Kuning Rituals in Indonesia. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(1), 623–628. https://doi.org/10.18415/IJMMU.V7I1.1362
Sari, Indah A., Sulistijorini, & Purwanto, Y. (2021). Etnobotani Pekarangan Masyarakat Adat Trah Bonokeling di Wilayah Kabupaten Banyumas dan Cilacap. Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology, 2021(PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL PMEI V 2020), 104–110.
Sari, Indah Anugrah, Sulistijorini, S., & Purwanto, Y. (2020). STUDI ETNOEKOLOGI MASYARAKAT ADAT TRAH BONOKELING DI BANYUMAS DAN CILACAP. BERITA BIOLOGI, 19(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.14203/BERITABIOLOGI.V19I1.3785
Sengupta, A., & Radhakrishna, S. (2018). The hand that feeds the monkey: mutual influence of humans and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in the context of provisioning. International Journal of Primatology, 39(5), 817–830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0014-1
Seshagirirao, K., Harikrishnanaik, L., Venumadhav, K., Nanibabu, B., Jamir, K., Ratnamma, B. K., Jena, R., & Babarao, D. K. (2016). PREPARATION OF HERBARIUM SPECIMEN FOR PLANT IDENTIFICATION AND VOUCHER NUMBER. Roxburghia, 6(1–4), 111–119.
Smith, B., & Chinnappa, C. C. (2015). Plant collection, identification, and herbarium procedures. In E. Yeung, C. Stasolla, M. Sumner, & B. Huang (Eds.), Plant Microtechniques and Protocols (pp. 541–572). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19944-3_30/FIGURES/3
Stafford, C. A., Alarcon-Valenzuela, J., Patiño, J., Preziosi, R. F., & Sellers, W. I. (2016). Know Your Monkey: Identifying Primate Conservation Challenges in an Indigenous Kichwa Community Using an Ethnoprimatological Approach. Folia Primatologica, 87(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444414
Sulistyani, S., Nasution, E. K., & Hidayah, H. A. (2012). Struktur, Komposisi serta Potensi Tumbuhan Bawah sebagai Tumbuhan Obat di Hutan Heterogen di Desa Cikakak Kecamatan Wangon Kabupaten Banyumas. Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal, 29(2), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.MIB.2012.29.2.239
Tsuji, Y., & Ilham, K. (2021). Studies on primate crop feeding in Asian regions?: A review. Mammal Study, 46. https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0062
Utami, M., Widiawati, Y., & Hidayah, H. A. (2013). Keragaman dan Pemanfaatan Simplisia Nabati yang Diperdagangkan di Purwokerto. Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal, 30(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.MIB.2013.30.1.120
Wasisto, M. A. (2021). Reflecting on Kejawen: Javanese Esoteric Teachings in Indonesian National Development. Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, 5(2), 96. https://doi.org/10.24843/ujlc.2021.v05.i02.p01
Woodward, M. R. (1988). The “Slametan”: Textual Knowledge and Ritual Performance in Central Javanese Islam. History of Religions , 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1086/463136
Wright, A. (1991). Javanese Mysticism and Art: A Case of Iconography and Healing. Indonesia, 52, 85. https://doi.org/10.2307/3351156
Al-Hakim, R. R., Nasution, E. K., Andriand, A., & Putri, E. R. C. (2022). Is Macaca fascicularis Contribute to Salmonella Infection in Human? Prosiding Seminar Nasional Wijayakusuma National Conference, 3(1), 35–39.
Al Hakim, R. R., & Hidayah, H. A. (2022). Short Communication: Etnobiologi dan Etnis Kejawen di Jawa Tengah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perkumpulan Dosen Penerima Hibah Indonesia, 126–132.
Al Hakim, R. R., Nasution, E. K., Rizaldi, R., Rukayah, S., & Riani, S. (2023). Daily behavior of alpha-male compared with subordinate male in long-tailed macaque. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2588(1), 030017. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0111703
Altmann, J. (1974). Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods. Behaviour, 49(3–4), 227–266. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853974X00534
Apriliani, A., Sukarsa, S., & Hidayah, H. A. (2014). Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Sebagai Bahan Tambahan Pangan Secara Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Di Kecamatan Pekuncen Kabupaten Banyumas. Scripta Biologica, 1(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.sb.2014.1.1.30
Brotcorne, F., Fuentes, A., Wandia, I. N., Beudels-Jamar, R. C., & Huynen, M. C. (2015). Changes in Activity Patterns and Intergroup Relationships After a Significant Mortality Event in Commensal Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca Fascicularis) in Bali, Indonesia. International Journal of Primatology, 36(3), 548–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-015-9841-5
de la Torre, S., & Morelos-Juárez, C. (2022). Primate Conservation Efforts and Sustainable Development Goals in Ecuador, Combining Research, Education and Capacity Building. Animals, 12(20), 2750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI12202750
Fitria, W., Bambang, A. N., & Hidayat, J. W. (2020). Human and long-tailed macaque conflict in Central Java, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 202, 06011. https://doi.org/10.1051/E3SCONF/202020206011
Fuentes, A. (2012). Ethnoprimatology and the anthropology of the human–primate interface. Annual Review of Anthropology, 41(1), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145808
Fuentes, A., & Hockings, K. J. (2010). The ethnoprimatological approach in primatology. American Journal of Primatology, 72(10), 841–847. https://doi.org/10.1002/AJP.20844
Hasanah, U., Hadi, E. P., & Hidayah, A. (2014). Keanekaragaman dan pemanfaatan ubi-ubian sebagai bahan alternatif tanaman pangan di Kecamatan Bantarkawung Kabupaten Brebes. Biosfera, 31(2), 61–70.
Hidayah, H. A., Alifvira, M. D., Sukarsa, S., & Al Hakim, R. R. (2022). Studi Etnobotani sebagai Obat Tradisional Masyarakat di Desa Adat Kalisalak, Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Life Science, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15294/lifesci.v11i1.59787
Ilham, K., Rizaldi, Nurdin, J., & Tsuji, Y. (2017). Status of urban populations of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Primates, 58(2), 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-016-0588-1
Ilham, K., Rizaldi, Nurdin, J., & Tsuji, Y. (2018). Effect of Provisioning on the Temporal Variation in the Activity Budget of Urban Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Folia Primatologica, 89(5), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1159/000491790
Julianti, S., Widayati, K. A., & Tsuji, Y. (2023). Regional variation in the behavioral aspects of long-tailed macaques and its ecological determinants. Folia Primatologica, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-BJA10007
Koh, W., & Norma Rashid, Y. (2020). Ethnoprimatology: Human-Macaque interface in the University of Malaya Campus. Malaysian Journal of Science, 39(3), 17–44. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol39no3.2
Markert, B. (1995). Sample preparation (cleaning, drying, homogenization) for trace element analysis in plant matrices. Science of The Total Environment, 176(1–3), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04829-4
McLennan, M. R., Spagnoletti, N., & Hockings, K. J. (2017). The Implications of Primate Behavioral Flexibility for Sustainable Human–Primate Coexistence in Anthropogenic Habitats. In International Journal of Primatology (Vol. 38, Issue 2, pp. 105–121). Springer New York LLC. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-017-9962-0
Nasution, E. K., Al Hakim, R. R., & Aoliya, N. (2022). Short Communication: Previously Unreported Human?Primate Conflict in Kalisalak Forest, Central Java-Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, 1(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrimipa.v1i1.156
Ogunro, B., Olugasa, B., Olaleru, F., & Oladiti, F. (2017). Human – monkey interaction on a University campus in Nigeria: An avenue for zoonotic disease transmission at the human wildlife interface? Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 15(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v15i2.8
Pandey, A., Pradheep, K., & Gupta, R. (2016). Methodology for Collecting and Preparing Herbarium Specimen of Allium . Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 29(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2016.00006.1
Permana, S., Partasasmita, R., Iskandar, J., Rohmatullayaly, E. N., Iskandar, B. S., & Malone, N. (2020). Traditional conservation and human-primate conflict in Ujungjaya Village Community, Ujung Kulon, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(2), 521–529. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210213
Peterson, J. V., Riley, E. P., & Putu Oka, N. (2015). Macaques and the Ritual Production of Sacredness among Balinese Transmigrants in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. American Anthropologist, 117(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.12166
Pinto-Marroquin, M., & Serio-Silva, J. C. (2020). Perception and uses of primates among Popoluca Indigenous people in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Neotropical Ethnoprimatology: Indigenous Peoples’ Perceptions of and Interactions with Nonhuman Primates, 3–20.
Radhakrishna, S. (2018). Primate tales: using literature to understand changes in human–primate relations. International Journal of Primatology, 39(5), 878–894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0035-9
Ricklefs, M. C. (1991). An unhelpful contribution to the study of Javanese Islam. Asian Studies Review , 14(3), 184–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/03147539108712734
Ritchie, H., Mathieu, E., Rodés-Guirao, L., Appel, C., Giattino, C., Ortiz-Ospina, E., Hasell, J., Bobbie, M., Beltekian, D., & Roser, M. (2020). Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). Our World in Data.
Saefudin, Widiono, W., Hidayati, N., Syarief, F., Wawo, A. H., Setiowati, N., Juhaeti, T., & Rini, D. S. (2021). ZINGIBERACEAE UTILIZATION FROM EAST BANYUMAS PRODUCTION FOREST AS NATURAL EDIBLE ADDITIVES. Proceedings The 5th SATREPS Conference 2020, 19–29.
Sari, D. P., Susanto, D., & Marimin, M. (2020). The Form of Kejawen Islam in Nyanggar Janur Kuning Rituals in Indonesia. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(1), 623–628. https://doi.org/10.18415/IJMMU.V7I1.1362
Sari, Indah A., Sulistijorini, & Purwanto, Y. (2021). Etnobotani Pekarangan Masyarakat Adat Trah Bonokeling di Wilayah Kabupaten Banyumas dan Cilacap. Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology, 2021(PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL PMEI V 2020), 104–110.
Sari, Indah Anugrah, Sulistijorini, S., & Purwanto, Y. (2020). STUDI ETNOEKOLOGI MASYARAKAT ADAT TRAH BONOKELING DI BANYUMAS DAN CILACAP. BERITA BIOLOGI, 19(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.14203/BERITABIOLOGI.V19I1.3785
Sengupta, A., & Radhakrishna, S. (2018). The hand that feeds the monkey: mutual influence of humans and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in the context of provisioning. International Journal of Primatology, 39(5), 817–830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0014-1
Seshagirirao, K., Harikrishnanaik, L., Venumadhav, K., Nanibabu, B., Jamir, K., Ratnamma, B. K., Jena, R., & Babarao, D. K. (2016). PREPARATION OF HERBARIUM SPECIMEN FOR PLANT IDENTIFICATION AND VOUCHER NUMBER. Roxburghia, 6(1–4), 111–119.
Smith, B., & Chinnappa, C. C. (2015). Plant collection, identification, and herbarium procedures. In E. Yeung, C. Stasolla, M. Sumner, & B. Huang (Eds.), Plant Microtechniques and Protocols (pp. 541–572). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19944-3_30/FIGURES/3
Stafford, C. A., Alarcon-Valenzuela, J., Patiño, J., Preziosi, R. F., & Sellers, W. I. (2016). Know Your Monkey: Identifying Primate Conservation Challenges in an Indigenous Kichwa Community Using an Ethnoprimatological Approach. Folia Primatologica, 87(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444414
Sulistyani, S., Nasution, E. K., & Hidayah, H. A. (2012). Struktur, Komposisi serta Potensi Tumbuhan Bawah sebagai Tumbuhan Obat di Hutan Heterogen di Desa Cikakak Kecamatan Wangon Kabupaten Banyumas. Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal, 29(2), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.MIB.2012.29.2.239
Tsuji, Y., & Ilham, K. (2021). Studies on primate crop feeding in Asian regions?: A review. Mammal Study, 46. https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0062
Utami, M., Widiawati, Y., & Hidayah, H. A. (2013). Keragaman dan Pemanfaatan Simplisia Nabati yang Diperdagangkan di Purwokerto. Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal, 30(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.MIB.2013.30.1.120
Wasisto, M. A. (2021). Reflecting on Kejawen: Javanese Esoteric Teachings in Indonesian National Development. Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, 5(2), 96. https://doi.org/10.24843/ujlc.2021.v05.i02.p01
Woodward, M. R. (1988). The “Slametan”: Textual Knowledge and Ritual Performance in Central Javanese Islam. History of Religions , 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1086/463136
Wright, A. (1991). Javanese Mysticism and Art: A Case of Iconography and Healing. Indonesia, 52, 85. https://doi.org/10.2307/3351156
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